Preterm Labor Test: Fetal Fibronectin (fFN)
The fetal fibronectin test is a prenatal screening used to determine your risk of going into preterm labor. It checks for the presence of fetal fibronectin—a protein that acts like glue, attaching the baby to the uterine lining. Elevated levels of this protein may indicate the early onset of labor.
Why Is the Fetal Fibronectin Test Done?
The test is recommended if you show signs of preterm labor before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Symptoms may include:- Regular contractions
- Pelvic pressure
- Changes in vaginal discharge
The test helps your doctor decide whether you need further monitoring, medications, or hospitalization to delay labor.
How Is the Test Performed?
- The test is non-invasive and similar to a pap smear.
- Your doctor will use a swab to collect a sample of vaginal fluid near your cervix.
- The sample is analyzed for fetal fibronectin. Results are typically available within 24 hours.
The test is painless but must be performed before any vaginal exams or procedures to avoid contamination.
Understanding the Results
- Negative Result: A negative test result means it’s unlikely you’ll go into labor in the next 7-14 days. This can be reassuring and may help you avoid unnecessary treatments or hospitalization.
- Positive Result: A positive test indicates a higher risk of preterm labor. It does not guarantee that labor will occur but prompts doctors to take precautions, such as administering steroids to help your baby’s lungs develop.
Accuracy of the Test
The fetal fibronectin test is more reliable for predicting who will not go into labor (negative result) than who will (positive result). Doctors often combine the results with other assessments, such as:- Cervical length measurements via ultrasound
- Monitoring of contractions
The fetal fibronectin test is a helpful tool in assessing the risk of preterm labor and guiding necessary interventions. If you experience signs of early labor, talk to your healthcare provider about whether this test is right for you.
