What Is Pica?
Pica is a condition where a person craves and eats non-nutritive (non-food) substances. During pregnancy, these cravings can include:- Ice (pagophagia)
- Clay or dirt (geophagia)
- Chalk
- Laundry starch or cornstarch
- Soap
- Ash or burnt matches
- Toothpaste
- Paint chips or plaster
What Causes Pica During Pregnancy?
The exact cause of pica isn’t fully understood, but it may be linked to:1. Nutrient Deficiencies
- Iron deficiency anemia is the most common trigger, especially if you’re craving ice.
- Zinc and calcium deficiencies may also play a role.
2. Cultural and Psychological Factors
- Some cultures believe that eating clay or starch has health benefits.
- Anxiety, stress, or obsessive-compulsive tendencies may contribute to pica cravings.
3. Hormonal Changes
- Pregnancy hormones can alter taste and appetite, making some unusual substances seem appealing.
Potential Risks of Pica
Eating non-food items can be dangerous for you and your baby. Some risks include: Nutrient Absorption Issues – Clay and starch can interfere with iron and zinc absorption, worsening deficiencies.Toxic Exposure – Paint, chalk, and soil may contain lead or harmful chemicals that can harm fetal development.
Gastrointestinal Blockages – Eating indigestible materials can lead to intestinal blockages or constipation.
Infections and Parasites – Dirt or raw starch can carry bacteria and parasites that cause infections.
When to Talk to Your Doctor
If you find yourself craving or eating non-food items, let your healthcare provider know immediately. They may: Check for iron, zinc, or other nutrient deficiencies.Recommend a prenatal vitamin or iron supplement.
Help you find safe substitutes for your cravings.
Offer support if pica is linked to stress or anxiety.
How to Manage Pica Cravings
If you're struggling with pica, try these safer alternatives:- If you crave ice → Drink chilled water or suck on crushed ice (in moderation).
- If you crave dirt/clay → Eat iron-rich foods like spinach, beans, lean meats, and fortified cereals.
- If you crave starch → Try whole grains, sweet potatoes, or crunchy healthy snacks.
- If you crave chalk or soap → Chew sugar-free gum or eat crunchy fruits like apples and carrots.
Final Thoughts
Pica during pregnancy isn’t just a quirky craving—it can be a sign of an underlying nutrient deficiency or other health concern. The good news? With proper nutrition, medical guidance, and support, you can manage these cravings safely and protect both you and your baby.
If you’re experiencing pica, don’t be embarrassed—talk to your doctor and take steps to nourish your body the right way. You’re doing an amazing job, mama!

Content Reviewed by Dr V.
Learn MoreDr. Vaheh Shirvanian, a family medicine physician and father. With over 17 years of experience, he specializes in inpatient acute hospital care, outpatient family medicine, urgent care, emergency medicine, and hospice care. Dr. V is passionate about guiding new parents through the challenges and joys of parenthood, offering compassionate and expert support at every step.