Group B Streptococcus Screening During Pregnancy: What You Need to Know
13 Dec 2024
As you approach the later stages of pregnancy, your healthcare provider may recommend a Group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening. This simple test is a routine part of prenatal care, but many expecting parents have questions about its purpose and implications. Here’s everything you need to know about GBS screening and how it ensures the health and safety of both you and your baby.
What Is Group B Streptococcus?Group B Streptococcus is a type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines, rectum, and vagina. It’s harmless for most people, but during pregnancy, GBS can pose risks if passed to the baby during delivery.
Approximately 1 in 4 pregnant individuals carry GBS, often without symptoms, making testing essential.
Why Is GBS Screening Important?
While GBS typically doesn’t cause issues for healthy adults, it can lead to serious complications in newborns, including:
- Sepsis: A blood infection.
- Pneumonia: A lung infection.
- Meningitis: An infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord.
When and How Is GBS Screening Done?
GBS screening is usually performed between 35 and 37 weeks of pregnancy. The test involves:
- A Simple Swab: Your provider will use a sterile swab to collect samples from the vaginal and rectal areas.
- Lab Testing: The samples are analyzed for the presence of GBS.
What If You Test Positive for GBS?
If your test is positive, it doesn’t mean you’re sick or that your baby will definitely develop complications. However, extra precautions will be taken during labor and delivery:
- Antibiotics During Labor: You’ll receive antibiotics intravenously (IV) to reduce the chance of passing GBS to your baby. This is usually highly effective, lowering the risk of transmission from 1 in 200 to 1 in 4,000.
If GBS screening isn’t performed, your provider may use other factors to assess risk, such as:
- A history of GBS infection in a previous pregnancy.
- Premature labor (before 37 weeks).
- Prolonged labor after your water breaks.
Can You Prevent GBS?
While GBS is a natural part of the body’s microbiome and can’t always be avoided, here are steps you can take:
- Maintain Good Hygiene: Wash hands regularly and keep the vaginal area clean.
- Communicate with Your Provider: Share any history of GBS or related infections.
- Follow Treatment Recommendations: If you test positive, ensure antibiotics are administered as advised.
Group B Streptococcus screening is a crucial step in protecting your baby’s health during delivery. By understanding the purpose of the test and following your healthcare provider’s guidance, you can confidently prepare for a safe and healthy birth experience.
