Cytomegalovirus (CMV) During Pregnancy: What You Need to Know
05 Jun 2025
What Is Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpesvirus family. Most people get CMV at some point in their lives, often without symptoms. However, CMV can be dangerous during pregnancy because it can pass to the baby and cause congenital CMV, leading to serious health issues.How Does CMV Affect Pregnancy?
CMV can cross the placenta and infect the developing baby, leading to congenital CMV infection. This can result in:Miscarriage or stillbirth (in severe cases)
Preterm birth
Hearing and vision loss
Developmental delays or intellectual disabilities
Microcephaly (small head and brain size)
Seizures
How Is CMV Transmitted?
CMV spreads through bodily fluids, including:- Saliva and urine (especially from young children)
- Blood and breast milk
- Sexual contact
- Sharing food, drinks, or utensils
Symptoms of CMV in Pregnancy
Most healthy adults, including pregnant women, have no symptoms. However, some may experience:Mild fever and fatigue
Sore throat
Swollen glands
Muscle aches Because CMV symptoms are similar to other viral infections, most cases go unnoticed unless tested.
How Is CMV Diagnosed?
Blood tests can check for CMV antibodies.Amniocentesis can detect CMV in the baby if infection is suspected.
Ultrasounds may show signs of CMV complications (like growth restrictions or brain abnormalities).
Can CMV Be Treated During Pregnancy?
There is no cure for CMV, but: Antiviral medications (like valganciclovir) may help newborns with congenital CMV.If CMV is detected in pregnancy, doctors will closely monitor the baby’s growth and development.
How to Prevent CMV During Pregnancy
Since there’s no vaccine for CMV, the best way to protect yourself and your baby is through hygiene and precautions:Wash hands frequently after handling children’s diapers, toys, or saliva.
Avoid sharing food, drinks, or utensils with young children.
Clean surfaces and toys regularly to reduce virus exposure.
Practice safe sex by using protection if your partner may have CMV.
The Bottom Line
CMV is a common but potentially serious infection during pregnancy. While most cases are mild, congenital CMV can cause birth complications. Preventive hygiene measures and early detection can help reduce risks and ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby.
