Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): What Expecting Parents Need to Know
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test that can provide valuable insights into your baby’s health. This guide breaks down the essentials about the procedure, why it’s done, and what to expect, so you can feel informed and confident about your choices.
What is CVS?
CVS is a diagnostic test performed during early pregnancy to check for genetic and chromosomal conditions in the baby. It involves taking a small sample of chorionic villi, tiny finger-like projections on the placenta, for analysis.
Why is CVS Performed?
CVS is typically recommended when:- There’s a family history of genetic disorders.
- Screening tests indicate a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities, like Down syndrome.
- You or your partner have a known genetic condition.
Timing and Procedure
- When: CVS is usually performed between the 10th and 13th weeks of pregnancy.
- How: The procedure can be done in one of two ways:
- Transcervical: A thin tube is inserted through the cervix to collect the sample.
- Transabdominal: A needle is inserted through the abdomen to retrieve the sample.
Both methods use ultrasound guidance to ensure precision and safety.
What Does CVS Detect?
CVS can diagnose a variety of conditions, including:- Chromosomal disorders like Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, or Patau syndrome.
- Genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia.
It does not, however, detect neural tube defects like spina bifida; other tests like amniocentesis may be needed for that.
Risks and Considerations
While CVS is generally safe, it does carry some risks:- Miscarriage: The risk is low but slightly higher than with routine tests (about 1 in 200).
- Infection or Bleeding: Rare complications may arise at the sample site.
- Rh Sensitization: If you’re Rh-negative, you may need treatment to prevent complications.
How to Prepare
- Discuss with Your Doctor: Understand the benefits, risks, and alternatives.
- Share Your Medical History: Inform your provider about any health conditions or concerns.
- Plan for Rest: Some women may need a day or two of rest following the procedure.
Results and What They Mean
- Timing: Results are usually available within 1–2 weeks.
- Counseling: Genetic counselors can help interpret results and discuss next steps.
Final Thoughts
CVS is a powerful tool for early detection of genetic conditions, offering peace of mind or crucial information for planning. While the decision to undergo CVS is deeply personal, being informed about the procedure, risks, and benefits can help you make the choice that’s right for you and your baby.
